There are numerous reports on potential applications for PRP and BMCC in the basic science and clinical research literature, and that body of evidence continues to grow. Unfortunately, a significant majority of both clinical utilization and research of PRP and BMC used products which had very little quality control and very few cell counts.
At Greyledge, we believe that not knowing exactly what is being put into a patient during a cell therapy is unacceptable. Knowing these cell counts precisely and consistently in our products has created a tremendous opportunity for Greyldge to research the relationship between all of the cells and variables in these treatments to patient outcomes in a continual learning model. Only through careful measurement, data collection and study of dose response relationships can we learn to further optimize and customize our product for both the patient being treated and the problem we are targeting.
Greyledge has created a novel web-based data collection and management system that allows our clinical partners to capture this critical data before, during and after treatment. Data from our products and patient reported results of treatment can then be analyzed through application of AI (artificial intelligence) and ML (machine learning) algorithms that will speed up and enhance our ability to learn from every product made and every patient treated to advance the field of cellular therapies and apply what we learn to continually make our products and the delivery of them better in time.
Below is a list of possible illnesses and injuries where autologous preparations have been reported for treating a wide variety of pathologies with links to references provided.
Osteoarthritic Joint Pain
Joint Injection
Kon E, et al. (2010) Platelet-rich plasma: intra-articular knee injections produced favorable results on degenerative cartilage lesions.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19838676(opens in a new tab)
Khoshbin A, et al. (2013) The efficacy of platelet-rich plasma in the treatment of symptomatic knee osteoarthritis: a systematic review with quantitative synthesis. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24286802(opens in a new tab)
Sánchez M, et al. (2012) Ultrasound-guided platelet-rich plasma injections for the treatment of osteoarthritis of the hip.
http://rheumatology.oxfordjournals.org/content/51/1/144.long(opens in a new tab)
Centeno C, et al. (2016) A dose response analysis of a specific bone marrow concentrate treatment protocol for knee osteoarthritis.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4575428(opens in a new tab)/
In Conjunction with Surgical Treatment
Fortier LA, et al. (2010) Concentrated bone marrow aspirate improves full-thickness cartilage repair compared with microfracture in an equine model.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20720135(opens in a new tab)
Milano G, et al. (2010) The effect of platelet rich plasma combined with microfractures on the treatment of chondral defects: an experimental study in a sheep model. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20433936(opens in a new tab)
Buda R, et al. (2015) One-step bone marrow-derived cell transplantation in talar osteochondral lesions: mid-term results.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25606518(opens in a new tab)
Meniscus or Ligament Injuries
Foster TE, et al. (2009) Platelet-rich plasma: from basic science to clinical application.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19875361(opens in a new tab)
Murray MM, et al. (2009) Enhanced histologic repair in a central wound in the anterior cruciate ligament with a collagen–platelet-rich plasma scaffold.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17415785(opens in a new tab)
Braun HJ, et al. (2013) The Use of PRP in ligament and meniscal healing.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24212368(opens in a new tab)
Yu H, et al. (2015) Meniscus repair using mesenchymal stem cells – a comprehensive review.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25925426(opens in a new tab)
Cook JL, et al. (2016) Multiple injections of leukoreduced platelet rich plasma reduce pain and functional impairment in a canine model of ACL and meniscal deficiency. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26403590(opens in a new tab)
Muscle and Tendon Injuries
Lateral Epicondylitis
Peerbooms JC, (2010) Positive effect of an autologous platelet concentrate in lateral epicondylitis in a double-blind randomized controlled trial: platelet-rich plasma versus corticosteroid injection with a 1-Year follow-up. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20448192(opens in a new tab)
Gosens T, et al. (2011) Ongoing positive effect of platelet-rich plasma versus corticosteroid injection in lateral epicondylitis: a double-blind randomized controlled trial with 2-year follow-up. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21422467(opens in a new tab)
Mishra A, et al. (2014) Efficacy of platelet-rich plasma for chronic tennis elbow: a double-blind, prospective, multicenter, randomized controlled trial of 230 patients. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23825183(opens in a new tab)
Patellar Tendonitis
Cervellin M, et al. (2012) Autologous platelet-rich plasma gel to reduce donor-site morbidity after patellar tendon graft harvesting for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: a randomized, controlled clinical study. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21678095(opens in a new tab)
Di Matteo B, et al. (2015) Platelet-rich plasma: evidence for the treatment of patellar and Achilles tendinopathy—a systematic review.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25323041(opens in a new tab)
Pascual-Garrido C, et al. (2012) Treatment of chronic patellar tendinopathy with autologous bone marrow stem cells: a 5-year followup.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22220180(opens in a new tab)
Rotator Cuff Tears
Randelli P, et al. (2011) Platelet rich plasma in arthroscopic rotator cuff repair: a prospective RCT study, 2-year follow-up.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21570659(opens in a new tab)
Hernigou P, et al. (2014) Biologic augmentation of rotator cuff repair with mesenchymal stem cells during arthroscopy improves healing and prevents further tears: a case-controlled study. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24913770(opens in a new tab)
Achilles Tendinopathy
Sanchez M, et al. (2007) Comparison of surgically repaired Achilles tendon tears using platelet rich fibrin matrices.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17099241(opens in a new tab)
Stein BE, et al. (2015) Outcomes of acute Achilles tendon rupture repair with bone marrow aspirate concentrate augmentation.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25795246(opens in a new tab)
Fractures
Galasso O, et al. (2008) Expandable intramedullary nailing and platelet rich plasma to treat long bone non-unions.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19384608(opens in a new tab)
Bursitis
Sampson S, et al. (2008) Platelet rich plasma injection grafts for musculoskeletal injuries: a review.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19468902(opens in a new tab)
Spine
Pettine K, et al. (2015) Percutaneous Injection of Autologous Bone Marrow Concentrate Cells Significantly Reduces Lumbar Discogenic Pain Through 12 Months. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/stem.1845/abstract;jsessionid=4B093BB048A7B7E6ED042103925DBB2A.f03t02(opens in a new tab)
Pettine K, et al. (2016) Treatment of discogenic back pain with autologous bone marrow concentrate injection with minimum two year follow-up.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26156727(opens in a new tab)
Monfett M, et al. (2016) Intradiscal platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injections for discogenic low back pain: an update.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27073034(opens in a new tab)
Cosmetic Surgery
Man D, et al. (2001) The use of autologous platelet-rich plasma (platelet gel) and autologous platelet-poor plasma (fibrin glue) in cosmetic surgery.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11176628(opens in a new tab)
Cervelli V, et al. (2009) Application of platelet-rich plasma in plastic surgery: clinical and in-vitro evaluation.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19231923(opens in a new tab)
Redaelli A, et al. (2010) Face and neck revitalization with platelet-rich plasma (PRP): clinical outcome in a series of 23 consecutively treated patients.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20480789(opens in a new tab)
Sclafani AP, and SA McCormick. (2012) Induction of dermal collagenesis, angiogenesis, and adipogenesis in human skin by injection of platelet-rich fibrin matrix. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22006233(opens in a new tab)
Dermatology
Lee JW, et al. (2011) The Efficacy of autologous platelet rich plasma combined with ablative carbon dioxide fractional resurfacing for acne scars: A Simultaneous Split-Face Trial. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21635618(opens in a new tab)
Cho JM, et al. (2011) Effect of platelet-rich plasma on ultraviolet b-induced skin wrinkles in nude mice.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20884308(opens in a new tab)
Shin MK, et al. (2012) Platelet-rich plasma combined with fractional laser therapy for skin rejuvenation.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22288389(opens in a new tab)
Peripheral Vascular Disease
Tateishi-Yuyama E, et al. (2002) Therapeutic angiogenesis for patients with limb ischemia by autologous transplantation of bone-marrow cells: a pilot study and a randomized controlled trial. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12241713(opens in a new tab)
Bartsch T, et al. (2007) Transplantation of autologous mononuclear bone marrow stem cells in patients with peripheral arterial disease (the TAM-PAD study). http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17694378(opens in a new tab)
Amann B, et al. (2009) Autologous bone marrow cell transplantation increases leg perfusion and reduces amputations in patients with advanced critical limb ischemia due to peripheral artery disease. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19500466(opens in a new tab)
Fadnini GP, et al. (2010) Autologous stem cell therapy for peripheral arterial disease: Meta-analysis and systemic review of the literature.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19740466(opens in a new tab)
Molavi B, et al. (2016) Safety and Efficacy of Repeated Bone Marrow Mononuclear Cell Therapy in Patients with Critical Limb Ischemia in a Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27293053(opens in a new tab)
Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
Marx RE. Platelet-rich plasma: evidence to support its use.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15085519(opens in a new tab)
Sammartino G, et al. (2005) Use of autologous platelet-rich plasma in periodontal defect treatment after extraction of impacted mandibular third molars.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15944972(opens in a new tab)
Bajaj P, et al. (2013) Comparative evaluation of autologous platelet-rich fibrin and platelet-rich plasma in the treatment of mandibular degree II furcation defects: a randomized controlled clinical trial. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23317096(opens in a new tab)
Wound Care
Hom DB, et al. (2007) The healing effects of autologous platelet gel on acute human skins wounds.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17519207(opens in a new tab)
Driver VR, et al. (2006) A prospective, randomized, controlled trial of autologous platelet-rich plasma gel for the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16799184(opens in a new tab)
Kazakos K, et al. (2009) The use of autologous PRP gel as an aid in the management of trauma wounds.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18703188(opens in a new tab)
Carter MJ, et al. (2011) Use of platelet-rich plasma gel on wound healing: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22028946(opens in a new tab)
Saad Setta, H, et al. (2011) Platelet-rich plasma versus platelet-poor plasma in the management of chronic diabetic foot ulcers: a comparative study.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21470370(opens in a new tab)
Dabiri G, et al. (2013) The emerging use of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells in the treatment of human chronic wounds.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24004161(opens in a new tab)
Additional References
Murphy M, et al. (2013) Mesenchymal stem cells: environmentally responsive therapeutics for regenerative medicine.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24232253(opens in a new tab)
Cassano JM, et al. (2016) Bone marrow concentrate and platelet-rich plasma differ in cell distribution and interleukin 1 receptor antagonist protein concentration. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26831858(opens in a new tab)
Wang SW, et al. (2014) Identification of α2-Macroglobulin as a Master Inhibitor of Cartilage-Degrading Factors That Attenuates the Progression of Posttraumatic Osteoarthritis. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24578232(opens in a new tab)
Cicha I, et al. (2004) Activated human platelets release connective tissue growth factor.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15045137(opens in a new tab)
De Mos M, et al. (2008) Can platelet-rich plasma enhance tendon repair?
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18326832(opens in a new tab)
Evans, C. (1999) Cytokines and the role they play in the healing of ligaments and tendons.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10492026(opens in a new tab)
Kumar V, and JR Chapman. (2008) Autologous thrombin: intraoperative production from whole blood.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18705544(opens in a new tab)
Marx RE, et al. (1998) Platelet-rich plasma: growth factor enhancement for bone grafts.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9638695(opens in a new tab)
Weibrich G, et al. (2004) Effect of platelet concentration in platelet-rich plasma on the peri-implant bone regeneration.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15050897(opens in a new tab)
Zechner W, et al. (2003) Influence of platelet-rich plasma on osseus healing of dental implants: a histologic and histomorphometric study in minipigs.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12608664(opens in a new tab)
Woodell-May J, et al. (2011) Autologous protein solution inhibits MMP-13 production by IL-1β and TNFα-stimulated human articular chondrocytes.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21437966(opens in a new tab)
van Buul GM, et al. (2011) Platelet-rich plasma releasate inhibits inflammatory processes in osteoarthritic chondrocytes.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21856929(opens in a new tab)